Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for specifying the presentation and styling of a document written in a markup language such as HTML.
Selector | Example | Description
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.class | .intro | Selects all elements with class=”intro”
.class1.class2 | .name1.name2 | Selects all elements with both name1 and name2 set within its class attribute
.class1 .class2 | .name1 .name2 | Selects all elements with name2 that is a descendant of an element with name1
#id | #firstname | Selects the element with id=”firstname”
Selector | Example | Description
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element | p | Selects all <p> elements
element.class | p.intro | Selects all <p> elements with class=”intro”
element,element | div, p | Selects all <div> elements and all <p> elements
element element | div p |Selects all <p> elements inside <div> elements
element>element | div > p | Selects all <p> elements where the parent is a <div> element
element+element | div + p | Selects the first <p> element that is placed immediately after <div> elements
element1~element2 | p ~ ul | Selects every <ul> element that is preceded by a <p> element
Selector | Example | Description
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[attribute] | [target] | Selects all elements with a target attribute
[attribute=value] | [target=”_blank”] | Selects all elements with target=”_blank”
[attribute~=value] | [title~=”flower”] | Selects all elements with a title attribute containing the word “flower”
[attribute|=value] | [lang|=”en”] | Selects all elements with a lang attribute value equal to “en” or starting with “en-“
[attribute^=value] | a[href^=”https”] | Selects every <a> element whose href attribute value begins with “https”
[attribute$=value] | a[href$=”.pdf”] | Selects every <a> element whose href attribute value ends with “.pdf”
[attribute=value] | a[href=”w3schools”] | Selects every <a> element whose href attribute value contains the substring “w3schools”
Selector | Example | Description
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:first-child | p:first-child | Selects every <p> element that is the first child of its parent
:last-child | p:last-child | Selects every <p> element that is the last child of its parent
:nth-child() | p:nth-child(2) | Selects every <p> element that is the second child of its parent
:nth-last-child() | p:nth-last-child(2) | Selects every <p> element that is the second child of its parent, counting from the last child
:only-child | p:only-child | Selects every <p> element that is the only child of its parent
Selector | Example | Description
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:first-of-type | p:first-of-type | Selects every <p> element that is the first <p> element of its parent
:last-of-type | p:last-of-type | Selects every <p> element that is the last <p> element of its parent
:nth-last-of-type() | p:nth-last-of-type(2) | Selects every <p> element that is the second <p> element of its parent, counting from the last child
:nth-of-type() | p:nth-of-type(2) | Selects every <p> element that is the second <p> element of its parent
:only-of-type | p:only-of-type | Selects every <p> element that is the only <p> element of its parent
Selector | Example | Description
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:focus | input:focus | Selects the <input> element which has focus
:valid | input:valid | Selects all <input> elements with a valid value
:invalid | input:invalid | Selects all <input> elements with an invalid value
:enabled | input:enabled | Selects every enabled <input> element
Selector | Example | Description –|–|– :hover | a:hover | Selects links on mouse over :active | a:active | Selects the active link :link | a:link | Selects all unvisited links :visited | a:visited | Selects all visited links
Selector | Example | Description
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* | * | Selects all elements
:not() | :not(p) | Selects every element that is not a <p> element
::selection | ::selection | Selects the portion of an element that is selected by a user
::first-letter | p::first-letter | Selects the first letter of every <p> element
::first-line | p::first-line | Selects the first line of every <p> element